Chapter 6 and 7 Vocabulary

Hatching: 

Hatching is a technique used by artists that is used to create the effect of shading by using closely spread parallel lines. This can be seen very well in the work  "Study of a Male Nude, Leaning Back on Hands" by Michelangelo. As you can see in the knees and arms, the closer the lines, or hatches, the darker the image is. The artist can show lightness and darkness using this technique as well as showing 3-D.  

Chiaroscuro:

Chiaroscuro is a technique where artists use light and dark to show 3-D. You can see this is the work "Judith and Holofernes" by Artemisia Gentileschi. As you can see on the faces and the arms and the clothing where there is light and where the artist made other parts darker, which makes it look like that they are in a dark area with only a small source of light coming from the left of the picture. This also makes this picture look 3-D, because the women and the man in the picture look more defined. 

Analogous and Complementary Color Schemes: 

Analogous colors are colors that are touching each other on the color wheel, for example red and orange. In Georges Seurat's painting, "Seine at the Grande Jatte", you can see that the artist used blues and greens together. The colors are closely related and they make the picture feel "cool". You can also see a hint of complementary colors in this picture as well. In the background you can see an orange roof, which is opposite of blue on the color wheel. These colors make each other pop more when put together. 

Arbitrary Color:

Arbitrary color is where an artist makes something in the picture an unrealistic color, for example making a horse blue or in this example the leaves on the tree white. This work is called "Red Bedroom" by Henri Matisse. Naturally trees are brown with green leaves, but as you can see he make the leaves white. Also if you look at the pattern on the walls and table, you can see that the artist made the stems of the flowers blue, when naturally they are green. 

Frottage: 

Frottage is a technique in which the artist places a sheet of paper over something with texture, and then using another tool like a soft pencil to color over it. This allows you to see the texture of the object from underneath. This technique was used greatly by Max Ernst. In "The Whole City" you can see that he used the texture of something to create the hills or walls in the middle of the picture, and also maybe something like a softer sand paper in the sky. Ernst used this technique to add texture in his pieces. 

Pattern:

Pattern is anything that repeats itself more than once. You can see patterns in anything and every where. Sol Lewitt is an artist who uses stripes and line to create patterns, as you an see in his work "Color Bands in Four Directions". Also the artist Andy Warhol used this technique with many of his works, like the Campbell soup cans.